Physical layer

Physical layer is the first layer in OSI model which deals with the physical transmission medium. The data transferred via physical layer is in the form of electrical signals. In a real life we can treat the physical layer as road where the vehicles are passing.Because the road is the one which is carrying the vehicles and linking the cities. Like that the physical layer is transmitting the data signal in the form of electrical signal and connecting nodes.

The major cables using in physical layer are:

1. Coaxial cable

2. Twisted pair cable

3. Optical fiber cable

Devices working in physical layer:

1. Internet gateway

2. Hub

3. Repeater


The major functions and services performed by the Physical Layer are:

1. Bit-by-bit delivery

2. Modulation

3. Encoding and Signaling:

4. Bit synchronization

5. Physical network Topology

In Physical Layer data is transmitting in the form of electric pulse and the cables are responsible for the safe delivery of the signals. Physical Layer is also responsible for varying the wave form for the ease of data transfer. This process is know as modulation. Physical layer is also responsible for various types of encoding and decoding of signals.Physical layer also caring the transmission mode and physical lay out of the network( topology)



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