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Purchased Samsung N128 Mini Laptop

I purchased a Netbook from Samsung(Samsung N128) two weeks ago, and I think it is time to write a review of it.

It is travel-friendly because of its small size, and nowadays I need to travel a lot. While on a journey, it is difficult to carry my laptop because of its size. So, I planned to go for a mini laptop.

I found many products that suit my travel needs.

After checking different brands, I decided to buy Samsung N 128. You must be interested in knowing my experience with it.

Let me share my review of the Samsung N 128 netbook with you. So, you can find out if this product is suitable for you. The below picture shows what it looks like.



Small Laptop

How does it look? Fine right? Now, we check the system configuration.




Samsung N 128 Mini Laptop Configuration


Processor Intel ATOM 1.6 GHz Processor ( ID: N270)
RAM 1 GB DDR-2 Ram
Hard disk 160 GB HDD
Monitor 10.1" Wide LED Screen (Extra bright)

Other Features
  • Father Ethernet port

  • Webcam

  • WiFi

Ports

Available Ports and connectors on the Samsung N 128 Mini Laptop are:
  1. 3 USB 2.0 ports,

  2. VGA out,

  3. DC power-in,

  4. RJ-45/Ethernet (10/100),

  5. Stereo headphone/line out,

  6. Stereo microphone in,

  7. VGA webcam,

  8. Kensington lock port.

The total weight of this netbook is around 1.25 kg, and it has a 6-cell battery. This product comes with a one-year warranty. I bought a non-OS installed version and installed Windows 7 and Ubuntu. It supports both operating systems perfectly well.




Samsung N128 Mini Laptop Review

It is working better than I expected. At first, I failed to find a WiFi adapter driver compatible with Windows 7. The setup disc has only the Windows XP version of the Wireless adapter driver.

I downloaded the latest version of the wireless adapter driver from the manufacturer's website. I must say, the speaker volume is lower than I expected. It has a 1.5-watt speaker. The volume is low, and I need a headset to hear the sound properly. The next point I want to point out is about battery backup.



The shop owner promised me an 8-hour battery backup, but when I checked, it was just 6 hours only. Besides this speaker volume issue, I am satisfied with the Samsung N 128 netbook.


Google Public DNS Server Address and Configuration Tips

If you are unhappy with the response time of your ISP's default DNS server, there is a piece of good news for you. Google announces Google Public DNS service which is free for everyone. Right now, most of the Internet users who are unsatisfied with the Domain Name System service provided by their ISP use either global or open DNS server on their computers and other devices. Now we have one more option, Google Public Domain Name System. They use easy to remember the address for their server compared to most other free services. This tutorial gives a brief explanation of this new service and tips to configure it on your computer.


Google Public DNS Server Addresses

For IPv4 connections, you can use the addresses below.

  • Preferred Google DNS Server - 8.8.8.8

  • Alternate Google DNS Server -8.8.4.4

For your IPv6 connections, use the following addresses.

  • 2001:4860:4860::8888

  • 2001:4860:4860::8844

Important Tips
  1. Configuration

    If you do not know how to set Domain Name System server on your Windows computer, visit the link below.

    Setup Domain Name System on Your PC from Command Prompt
    Setup

  2. Support

    Google has launched telephone support to assist users with issues related to their Public Domain Name System service. They assist users both from USA and outsiders. Technical support number is:

    * 877-590-4367 { For US customers }

    * 770-200-1201 { Outside US }

  3. Google DNS On Android Samsung Galaxy

    If you are using Wi-Fi to connect your Android phone to the Internet, you have an option to change the DNS settings on phone. You can change the current settings on your Android phone under Wi-Fi settings (Choose Current Network -> Modify Network -> Enable Show advanced options -Enter Domain Name System details). Steps vary depends on the Android versions and customizations. However, I couldn't find a way to assign Google Public DNS to the 3G Internet on my Samsung Galaxy phone.


They have a tutorial for Linux users to change DNS settings on their Linux computers. To know more about it, visit the link below.
http://code.google.com/speed/public-dns/docs/using.html

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How to Delete / Remove Saved Passwords From Internet Explorer

Have you ever faced the situation where your email username and password auto saved on Internet Explorer browser in a public cafe? One of my friends had such a situation and he didn't know how to remove the saved username and password from Internet Explorer. Comparing to other browsers like Firefox and Chrome, deleting stored username and password from IE is little tricky. With IE7 and above versions, it is simple but for IE6 it is not very simple. This guide explains how to delete auto stored username and password of your Internet accounts on IE 6 and higher versions.



Remove Saved Password From Internet Explorer 6

  1. Open Internet Explorer version 6

  2. Click on Tools

  3. Click on Internet Options

  4. Click on the Content tab

  5. Click on the AutoComplete button
    Clear passwords in IEv6

  6. Now click on Clear Forms and Clear Passwords buttons

The saved passwords and Forms will be removed now.


How to delete passwords and Forms from Internet Explorer 7

The steps to delete saved passwords and Forms from IE version 7 are:
  1. Start Internet Explorer (IE) 7

  2. Click on Tools

  3. Click on Internet Options
    clean

    Now click on the Delete button under Browsing History.

  4. Click on Delete Passwords button
    Washing stored private data

Now the saved password in IE 7 is removed. By comparing password removal on IE6 and later versions, it is clear that Microsoft makes things easy and clear on higher versions of its browser. My friend was using IE6 and that is why he failed to remove the saved password. Without removing the saved data on the browser, he went to change his email password in order to protect his email account from other users on that computer.

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I Cannot Boot My Computer in Safe Mode

Yesterday was a tough day for me because of my old desktop computer. I couldn't boot my PC in safe mode but it was working fine in normal mode. This tutorial is written based on my efforts to bring back safe boot on my PC with some extra tips. The first part of this guide tells common reasons for getting trouble with restarting your computer in safe mode and the second part deals with solving this issue. I have Windows XP on the Desktop computer but the procedure to fix this issue is the same for most Windows Operating Systems. Even if you are using Windows 8 or Windows 7, you can follow the instructions below.


Reasons For Having Troubles to Safe Boot a Computer
  1. Possible virus infection

  2. File system error

  3. Software/driver conflict

  4. Some windows files may be corrupted

  5. Windows update error

  6. False settings on the security suite installed on your computer
These are some of the possible reasons to prevent a laptop from restarting in safe mode. Now let us check how to troubleshoot the issue, identify the reason and fix it.

Solution to Issues With Safe Mode Restarting

The first thing you must do is to find the exact reason which prevents your system from restarting in safe mode. For that, you must use trial and error method. If you have no clue on how to do it, the pattern of troubleshooting given below is best for you.
  1. Set Safe Boot in System Configuration

    The first step you have to do is to access the System Configuration page and enable Safe Boot option. You can do it by following the instructions below.

    • Type msconfig on Windows Search (or on Run Window and click OK)

    • Open msconfig Window and click Boot tab

    • Select Safe Boot under Boot options
      Issues with safe mode restarting

    • Click OK and When you are prompted to restart your computer press OK

    If still, your computer is showing issues with safe mode booting, go to next step.

  2. Try Different Modes

    On boot menu options window, you can see other options like, start your computer in;

    • Safe mode with networking
    • Safe mode with command prompt

    Try to start your computer using these options.

    [ To get into the boot menu, keep pressing the  [F8] button while your computer starts restarting]


  3. Use Last Known Good Configuration

    If you have failed to start your computer in all available safe mode options, it is better to try to boot your computer in last known good configuration by selecting that option from the menu.

  4. Run Check disk and correct disk errors

    The next troubleshooting step is to run the check disk and fix the disk errors. To do this type Chkdsk /f on the command prompt. Please note that you must have the admin right to perform this task. After fixing the disk error, try to start your computer in safe mode. If the issue persists go to next step.

  5. Conflicts by Recently Installed software/driver

    Many users claim they had booting related issues after installing certain software products on their computers. According to many technology discussion forums, software products like DVD burning software, AntiVirus products, Data recovery products etc are accused of causing booting issues. Before jump into conclusion, I recommend you to disable each suspected programs and check the real culprit. It is recommended to perform a clean boot on your computer to identify the problem causing software. To know how to perform a clean boot on your computer, click on the link below.
    How to perform clean boot and rectifies the software conflict

  6. False AntiVirus Settings

    Wrong settings on the security software (Firewall, AntiVirus, etc..) may prevent you from booting your computer in safe mode. So make sure security product installed on your laptop is having correct configuration.

  7. Possible virus infection

    Once my laptop was infected by a virus which blocked many features including safe restart. It is possible your PC might be infected and the malware is preventing it from restarting in safe mode. To remove any infection, you must perform a virus scan on your system with reputed security software(updated with latest virus signature).

  8. Update to the latest service pack and run windows update

    You must update the Operating System to avoid known bugs and other issues. I recommend you to enable the option to check for latest Windows update to ensure your computer is having the latest OS.

  9. Repair Windows files

    To repair corrupted Windows files on your system, follow the steps below.

    • Start your computer from Windows CD

    • Press R to repair the windows files while it asks you the option to install or repair Windows on your computer

    • After repairing Windows files, try to start your PC in safe mode

    If still, you have the same issue, I recommend you to follow the next instructions.

  10. Reinstall Windows Operating System

  11. Format hard drive and reinstall Windows

  12. Try to disconnect the hardware devices like RAM, Hard disk etc from Motherboard and reconnect them

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How to Delete Google Web Search History From Your Account

Many Internet users are confused with the two similar terms 'Internet browsing history' and 'Google search history'. Though both terms look similar, they are different. Browsing history is saved on your web browser and can be viewed by pressing [Ctrl] and [H] buttons together. This key combination varies with browsers. Google Search history is the record of searches you have made while you are logged in your Google account. Internet browsing history will be deleted by clearing the saved history on your browser but Google search history will remain. There is a different procedure to remove it from your account. To see and delete Google search history, you need to log on to your Google account. Here you can see how to remove all previous log details and start from a clean slate.


Steps to view Google Search History

To see it for a particular account, follow the steps below.
  1. Log on to respective Google account

  2. Click on account settings

  3. Click on web history
    log

    Sometimes you may be prompted to re-login to your account to see this page.

This page is well organized and you can view the Search history of all times. It will definitely influence Google Personalized Search feature. If you don't know this feature, visit the link below.
What are Google Personalized Search Results

If you do not like it affects the search results, it is better to delete it from your account. Below section explains how to do it.


Steps to Remove Google Web Search History

  1. Click on Remove items

  2. Now check the items you need to remove and press the Remove button.

Now entire stored data will be successfully removed from your account. Now onwards you will get a fresh start without any influence. If you belong to the group of people who don't like to left the remnants of their previous activities on their laptops, the procedure I explained in this tutorial is for you. By following the steps explained in this article, you can remove the log details of your activities stored in big G's server. However, it doesn't guarantee your safety from log details stored on the server side by big G. All you can ensure is if someone hacks into your profile, he will never get the traces of your prior web activities. Now let us check some of our popular tutorials.

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Filter Important Emails From Gmail

Gmail is one of the most popular email service providers because of its reliable service and clean look. It offers a way to arrange the emails we receive according to our requirements. We can decide the fate of an email before reaching the inbox itself. For that, we can use the feature filter to select a certain type of emails according to the guidelines we set and apply the specified fate to them. It can help you to categorize emails in your account by assigning different Labels to them. This tutorial explains how to create a filter with your requirements and how to assign this filer to emails.

  1. Log on to your Gmail account

  2. Click on Settings
    Set

    Settings tab is ion the right-hand top of the page.

  3. Click on Filters
    Categorize

  4. Click on Create a new filter. Now the filter options window will appear.
    ideas

    Here you can see options to set filters based on the following criteria.

    • Filter based on from address

    • Filter based on To address

    • We can filter a particular subject

    • We can filter emails containing certain keywords

    • We can set filter by blacklisting certain keywords (opposite to iv )

  5. Enter the criteria to set filter and click next

    Now the wizard will ask you what will be the end action of the particular filter.  The possible actions are:

    • Skip the Inbox (Archive it)

    • Mark as read

    • Star the mail

    • Apply the label (We can set a particular label for this mail)

    • Forward to a particular mail

    • Delete the mail

    • Never send it to Spam

    After selecting appropriate actions click on Create Filter.

Once we create this, all the electronic mails satisfying the condition will have the fate we have configured. We can use the same feature to remove any unwanted messages coming to the inbox from a common sender. Though the messages are not from a common sender we can use the same filter feature to delete all of them by creating a filter with rules those satisfies the common characters of these unwanted messages. Though such a filter can remove a large portion of potential spam from your account, it is possible to get the same fate to a few genuine messages if any of those, unfortunately, have same characters. So it is important to be very careful while creating a filter to avoid solicited messages from your inbox.

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Safe Browse With Google Chrome Without Storing Any Personal Details

Google Chrome supports browsing without saving third-party cookies or browsing history on PC. This feature is named incognito and is very much similar to the  Firefox private browsing. When we start Chrome incognito window, it will stop storing cookies, visited page history, passwords entered, download logs etc. Once we close the window, all these information will be removed automatically. It means the next user will not find any browsing activity of the current user. This article is about different methods to start incognito window and browse without leaving any history.

How to Start Chrome Incognito Pages

We can start a private browsing window (incognito) of Google Chrome browser by different methods. Most of the important methods are listed below.
  1. By Keyboard Shortcut

    It is very easy to start Chrome safe browse using shortcut keys. We have to press the following three keys at the same time.
    [Ctrl] + [Shift] + [N]

    When you press the above key combination, a new Google Chrome window will appear with the following message.


    This page will inform you of the specialty of the new window. If you want to learn more about this feature, you can click on the 'Learn More' link.

  2. From Chrome Start Menu

    When you select Chrome from Windows start menu, you will get the option to start either normal window or incognito window.

  3. From Customize Button

    You can start Google Chrome Private Browse from Customize menu. To do it, follow the instructions below.

    • Click on Customize and Control Button On right-hand top of the page


    • Click on New incognito window

  4. Create Shortcut

    • Right click on Chrome Shortcut

    • click Properties

    • Add –incognito at the end of the target and click apply


    Now onwards, whenever you need to start browsing without storing any third party cookies or offline log information on the laptop, double click on this shortcut. It will open a private browser window and no browsing history will be stored on the computer.

It Can't Assure Cent Percent Safety

Google warns us, using incognito will not make us secure from other Internet threats. It cannot protect our data from websites which collect information from our computer by installing malicious codes. Agents who work with ISP can track our Internet activities unless we encrypt the entire communication. Incognito is also helpless against Malicious software products like Trojans or keyloggers if they are already installed on computers. Keylogging tools can track every keystroke we make on a PC and either store the details or send to its server. Private browsing feature of a browser cannot prevent this activity. However, we can prevent the auto saving of cookies and browsing history on our laptop using the incognito feature. Even the download activities will not be entered to the download log file. In a nutshell, though this feature will not give anonymity of full safety, it is worth than browsing using a normal browser window.

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Setup D-Link WBR-2310 Router With WPA Wireless Security Settings

WBR-2310 is a popular wireless router from D-Link and this article presents a complete configuration of this device including WiFi security. The first part of this guide explains how to setup WBR-2310 with auto configuration utility and the second part tells how to configure D-Link wireless network with latest security settings. D-link WBR 2310 is an IEEE802.11g router with range booster technology. It supports data transfer speed up to 108 Mbps and works in 2.4GHz frequency. It supports other features like DHCP, NAT etc. Manual configuration of this device is provided at the end of the guide.


Steps to setup D-Link WBR-2310 Wireless router
  1. Connect WBR-2310 to your computer

    Your computer should be connected to the LAN port of WBR-2310 using an Ethernet cable. Power on the device after connecting it to your PC.

  2. Log on

    To log in to WBR-2310 wireless router, type the default IP address of the router on the address bar. The default IP address of the D-Link WBR-2310 router is 192.168.0.1

    Before log on to the router, it will ask you the user name and password. For a factory new D-link router, enter the following details.

    • Username: admin
    • Password: {Leave this field blank}

    There is no default password for D-link WBR-2310.

  3. Select Configuration Method

    You will be redirected to the settings page. Here you will see two different ways to configure WBR2310. They are by pressing Setup Wizard and Manual Configure. Here I use the Setup Wizard button.
    join

  4. Click on Launch Internet Connection Setup Wizard

    To configure the Internet connection on this D-link router, click on the button Launch Internet Connection Setup Wizard.
    connection

    Now the wizard will show you what steps it is going to complete while running the wizard. Click Next to continue.


  5. Create new Password For D-link WBR-2310 Router

    The setup wizard will prompt you to create a new password for your WBR-2310 Wireless Router. After entering the password, click on next.
    password

  6. Select your Time Zone

    You can select the correct time zone for the D-Link router.
    time

  7. Configure Internet connection

    Now you will get the option to set up the Internet connection for WBR-2310.
    ISP

    Here you must select the type of broadband connection you are getting from your ISP.

Convert D-Link WBR-2310 to WiFi Access Point
  1. Log in

  2. Click on Manual Configure button


  3. Select Enable Access Point Mode
    AP

    Now onwards you can use D link WBR 2310 as WiFi Access Point.


Enable Wireless Security On WBR-2310

D-link WBR-2310 Wireless Router supports WEP and WPA, two important wireless encryption. Here, let us check how to enable WiFi and WiFi security on this device. This section also covers configuring other necessary wireless settings on WBR2310  like wireless channel, SSID etc.
  1. Click on Wireless Settings

    • Check Enable Wireless checkbox

    • Change Wireless Network Name to a preferred name

    • Select Security Mode

    We can select either WEP or WPA from the list. The enhanced security modes like WPA2 and WPA2 Auto are also available.
    Safety

  2. Enable WEP

    WEP

    Select WEP Wireless security from the list. Now we will get WEP settings page. Here we can select either 64-bit encryption or 128-bit encryption. For 64 bit keys, you must enter 10 hex digits into each key box. For 128 bit keys, you must enter 26 hex digits into each key box. A hex digit is either a number from 0 to 9 or a letter from A to F. After entering the details click on save settings.

  3. Enable WPA

    To enable WPA on D-Link WBR2310, we need to select the WPA wireless security from security mode list. Now the WPA settings page will appear. Here we need to enter the Passphrase (Security key).
    WPA

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How to Change Linksys Router Wireless Channel

Changing the wireless channel is an important step mentioned in many WiFi connectivity tutorials in this blog. This article is specifically to explain how to do it on an Access Point or a router. Here the steps mentioned are based on a popular router model from Linksys. Linksys is one of the popular SOHO product manufacturers. Though the steps provided in this tutorial are based on a specific model, you can use the same procedure with other vendor products. It is because this concept is the same for every WiFi products.


Wireless Channels To Pick

Before changing the current channel selected, you must understand, only three of them are worth to use. It is because others are affected with interference. The channels which are free from interference are listed below.

  • 1

  • 6

  • 11
These three are free from interference. If you don't want to enter it manually, you can choose automatic instead of specifying the number. For modern devices, automatic selection is recommended.

How to Change WiFi Channel of an AP

If you want to change the currently selected wireless channel, I recommend you to follow the instructions provided here. Here I show instructions for a specific vendor product but the procedure is the same for all routers.
  1. Log on to Linksys Setup Page

    Type the login IP address on the address bar of web browser and press enter. For Linksys router it is 192.168.1.1 Now you will be prompted to enter the username and password to continue the process. For a brand new Linksys router, there is no user name and the password is "admin". In case if you have set a different username and password, you must use that information. If you cannot recollect them, use the instructions provided in the link below.
    How to Recover Lost Password

  2. Click on the wireless tab and look for basic wireless settings. You can see the wireless channel there. You can change the current one with the other two allowed ( channel 1, 6 or 11). For example, if 1 is currently selected, you may change it with 6 or 11. As I explained before, if you do not want to enter this detail by yourself, you can choose auto selection option. If you have selected auto select, the device will pick the most interference-free channel.

  3. Save settings and log off

    Now you have successfully changed the wireless channel of your WiFi router.

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No SSID Broadcast From Wireless Router & Access Point

Yesterday night I faced a strange issue related to wireless connectivity on my laptop. I could not find SSID from my router. First I thought it was my Laptop wireless adapter's issue as there are no other networks. My desktop does not have a wireless adapter so I have no other option to verify whether it is the router issue or my laptop issue. Today morning I went to one of my friend's house and checked whether my laptop is able to see WiFi from his Access Point. Yes, my laptop is seeing it from his Access Point. So it is clear that my laptop adapter is working fine and the culprit is my Wireless Router. The major steps I performed on my router to fix this issue are described below in a systematic order.

The router is Not Broadcasting Signal

Step by step troubleshooting for a Router or Access Point when it is not broadcasting signal.
  1. Check WiFi light

    Check the status of wireless light on the AP. If it is broadcasting WiFi, the light is ON. If it is off, you cannot see WiFi network from AP on your computer because there is no broadcast. In some rare cases, this light may be off even though it is a broadcasting signal due to LED issues. Here I assume LED light is fine.

  2. Make sure the SSID broadcast is enabled

    To check this, you need to log on to setup page and check the status of SSID broadcast. You can find this option under the wireless tab. If SSID broadcast is disabled, it will not broadcast WiFi.

  3. Power cycle

    It is advised to power cycle Access Point to fix broadcasting issues. To perform this you should power off the device for 30 seconds and after 30 seconds power on it again. When all the lights are steady, check for the issue. If you do not know how to perform it in a systematic way, follow the instructions provided in the link below.
    How to Power Cycle an Access Point

  4. Change SSID

    It is advised to change the wireless network name (SSID) and check whether your laptop is receiving signal. You can change the current network name under wireless.

  5. Change wireless channel

    You can change the wireless channel to channel 1, 6 and 11 depend on the current channel. To learn more about it, visit the link below.
    Change WiFi Channels on Linksys Access Point

  6. Upgrade Firmware

    If the firmware flashed on your Access Point is outdated you may start seeing issues with its working. Updating to latest firmware version can resolve every known issues and bug in the previous version. It is highly recommended to update the firmware of any networking device with the latest version to expect full functionality.

  7. Reset and reconfigure

    If none of the steps provided here are working, you may reset the device to factory default and reconfigure it.

All the steps above mentioned are about how to troubleshoot the router when there is no broadcasting from your WiFi router. What if the real culprit is your laptop and not the router? In that case, you should troubleshoot the laptop instead of a router. You can follow the instructions provided in the link below in that case.
My Laptop is Not Getting WiFi Signal and Internet

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Dr.Watson Postmortem Debugger has Encountered a Problem and Needs to Close

Yesterday night, while working on my computer, I saw the error message "Dr.Watson Postmortem Debugger has encountered a Problem and needs to close. We are sorry for the inconvenience."

My computer froze when I pressed the 'don't send report' button. Since I couldn't work anymore, I restarted it, but again, the same Dr. Watson Postmortem Debugger came up with a sorry message.


I could not do anything on the desktop PC. So, I started browsing on my Laptop. The first thing I did was a search using the error message and found many people were facing the same issue.


I saw multiple opinions about the error message as a system error and a possible malware attack. While surfing more, I found it was not a malware infection.


It is a built-in Windows debugger program.


Microsoft uses the Dr. Watson Postmortem Debugger to collect error reports from devices run on the Windows Operating system.




How to Fix the Dr.Watson Postmortem Debugger Error Message?

As I expected, it is not an essential tool for a user.


We can either delete or disable it without affecting the functionality of our computers.


So, I decided to disable this program to make my desktop PC work again. I tried to log on to my Desktop computer and successfully logged on to the Windows account after a few unsuccessful attempts. Then, I followed the steps below.


How to disable the Dr. Watson Postmortem Debugger?



  1. Click on start

  2. Click on Run (Or press the Windows and R keys together to open the Run). Type drwtsn32 on the Run window and Click on OK. Now, the Dr. Watson Postmortem Debugger options window will open.

    It looks like the image below.


    check
  3. Uncheck all the checkboxes under options and click OK.




Where Can I read the Dr. Watson Postmortem Debugger Log Files?

As I explained before, it is a default unnecessary program installed by Microsoft to collect information regarding software errors or bugs. It keeps a log file that stores all software errors that happened and sends it to Microsoft.

The log file created by Dr. Watson Postmortem Debugger records all kinds of software errors that occur, and to read this log file, you may navigate to the following location.



C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Microsoft\DrWatson



It is saved in the name drwtsn32 and can open in Notepad. This log file contains Application exceptions that occurred, System Information, Task List, etc.

We can change the log file path of the Dr. Watson Postmortem Debugger by accessing it by following the steps below.


  1. Click the Windows Start button, and click the Run.

  2. Type drwtsn32 on the Run and press OK.


    What is

    You can change current settings (including the log file location) from here. You can specify a different address for the log file if you want.


Since it is an error reporting tool from Microsoft, you will get the error message "Dr.Watson Postmortem Debugger has encountered a Problem and needs to close. We are sorry for the inconvenience" when a program crashes. It is not because of virus infection but a feature (unnecessary though) that does its duty only in an annoying way.

Create a Home Computer Network Without a Router

My friend had an interview last week, and the first question he faced was about creating a LAN without a router or DHCP server.

He was not sure and asked me if it was possible. I told him it was possible and showed him it with two Windows laptops.


We can create a computer network without a router and DHCP server.


We connected two computers directly using a bridged USB cable and started communication between these two computers without the help of any external DHCP server.


A bridged USB cable is different from an ordinary USB cable.


If you read my previous tutorial, you might recall the need for a bridged USB cable.



Can I Create a Home Network Without a Router?

We can create a home network without a router. We use Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) to establish a network if there is no DHCP server (Router) to issue IP addresses.


Windows supports APIPA.


APIPA helps start communication between Windows computers in a network without a DHCP server. However, it can create issues if there is an external DHCP server. I covered this topic in the following tutorial.



How to Use APIPA to Create a Home Network?

All Windows computers support the feature APIPA. So, we can connect multiple Windows PCs without a router, and the APIPA will automatically assign unique IP addresses to each computer.


APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) eliminates the possibility of an IP address conflict.


The limitation I see with APIPA is the lack of support from Linux.



So, let us check how to build a home network without a DHCP server.

In this project, we avoid using the router or DHCP servers. We do not use Etehrnet cable in this connection.

So, no chance for static IP addresses. We use a bridged USB cable to connect the PCs. Both computers will get APIPA from the Windows Operating System.



APIPA will assign IP addresses in the 169.254.X.X range. All computers in the IP range 169.254.X.X can communicate with each other.


The IP address range for APIPA is 169.254.0.1-169.254.255.254.


All APIPA computers can communicate with each other as their subnet mask is 255.255.0.0 (Class B address). The subnet rules say the network address of APIPA is 169.254.0.1, and the broadcast address is 169.254.255.255. Any address that comes in between this range can communicate with each other.


An APIPA device cannot access the Internet.


Because it is a private IP address, we cannot use APIPA to get the Internet connection to our computers. For Local networks and Intranet, APIPA is enough.

When to Charge Laptop Battery & Increase Battery life and Efficiency

When it comes to laptop battery charging, there are different opinions about the right way and time to do it. This tutorial explains how to manage a laptop battery with right time to recharge and steps to keep remaining charge more efficiently. Lithium based battery is used for laptops and it is better to wait till its charge comes between 20% to 10% to plug it back to power. Most of the experts recommend, never let the battery charge drops below 10% before connecting it back to power supply. In addition to the level of power left, the temperature has a major role in the efficiency of the lithium battery.

The better ways to Charge Laptop Battery

Nowadays we are using lithium-ion batteries for Laptops and they are having a rapid-charging option. It is important to note that when we start using the Laptop for the first time, it is advised to charge it for a long time (attain 100%). To know the exact time period, better refer the Laptop user manual. Never operate your Laptop at higher as well as lower temperature and keep it in room temperature. So the major points to remember while charging laptop batteries are provided below.
  1. Connect to power when charge falls below 20%

  2. Stop avoiding overheating and better keep in room temperature

  3. For first time use, recharge the battery to 100%


It is better to remove the battery from the Laptop if you are not going to use it for a long time. Another important point we need to remember is never short circuit terminals to discharge battery charge. You can configure the time when the power left falls below 20% from power options. To perform it, visit the link below.
How to Change Critical Level And Get Informed


Use Laptop Battery Efficiently

Now we know the right time to connect a laptop back to power. This section covers how to utilize the battery charge in a better and efficient way. Think of a situation where you are in no position to find a power outlet to connect but wants to continue your work. So the only option left is to manage the existing charge more efficiently. In such a scenario, the following tips will help you.
  1. Turn off Wireless and Bluetooth

    If the WiFi button is on, it will take additional power to scan available wireless networks present in that area. If it fails to find any wireless network, it will continue the scanning. It is the same for Bluetooth also. To avoid such wastage of energy, I recommend you to turn off Wireless button.

  2. Avoid playing computer games

    High-end PC games cost too much energy and it not recommended to play them when you have no chance to find a power supply. Playing games on your Laptop drain laptop battery fast.

  3. Reduce the Laptop Speaker Volume and don't play any movies

  4. Reduce screen brightness

  5. Avoid using external devices like an external mouse, DVD drive, USB adapters etc

  6. Avoid using multimedia applications

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Can I connect two Computers With a USB cable?

Have you ever wondered if we can use a USB cable to connect two laptops? Which are the popular methods to share data between two computers?


There are many methods to connect two computers and share data between them. Ethernet cables and wireless (IEE802.11 standards) are the most popular modes to connect two devices.


With a Bridged USB cable, we can connect two PCs.


You can use a USB (Universal Serial Bus) cable to connect two computers and use the same connection to share files between them. However, for this, you must use a specific type of cable called the Bridged USB cable.


We cannot use an ordinary USB cord to connect two computers.


This guide explains the difference between bridged and ordinary USB cables and the procedure to connect two PCs with a Bridged USB cable.



How to Connect Two Computers With a USB Cable?

The Universal Serial Bus cable that connects two computers directly is called the Bridged USB cable. It is available in two different standards.


They are USB 1.1 and 2.0.


The difference in standard is the speed of data transfer. In the 1.1 version, the data transfer speed is 12 Mbps, and that in version 2.0 is 480 Mbps.

It is important to note that no other Universal Serial Bus cords can connect two PCs directly. Using the wrong cords may harm the USB ports of your computers.



Now let us check the two different modes of its working.



Modes of working of Bridge Cord

The bridged Universal Serial Bus cord works in two different modes. They are:


  1. Link mode

  2. Network Mode


In link mode, two laptops share the connection through the bridged Universal Serial Bus cord, and file sharing is enabled.

In network mode, multiple PCs share the connection, and they share the Internet ( in addition to the file sharing). It is the fundamental difference between link mode and network mode.



Now, you understand everything you should learn while connecting two computers with a USB cable. We cannot use an ordinary USB cord, but a special cord called the Bridged USB cord.

A bridged USB cord is popular with external UBS storage devices. Anyone who has an external USB storage device is familiar with this cord.



What If The Computers' Not Detecting The USB Connection?

I received a comment yesterday about complaining about an error while connecting two PCs with a USB cord. She followed the instructions and connected her two desktop PCs with a Bridged USB cord. Nothing happened.

It happens when the PCs do not have the required driver. By default, Windows 11 detects a USB connection. However, this is not always true.

The solution is to install the driver/software that comes with the Bridged USB cord.

How to Change System Date and Time in Ubuntu Linux?

This weekend was great as I established a Local Area Network in my friend's home. He has a total of six computers, and two of them are running on Ubuntu Linux.

After creating the Local Area Network, we implemented one propitiatory real-time simulation software on this LAN by installing the software on all these computers. The software works fine with the integrated data from 5 computers, but one computer is not connecting.


It seems one Linux PC rejected the connection.


So, the techie in our mind got up, and we started troubleshooting the issue.

At first, we thought the issue was with the compatibility issue of Ubuntu and the software. But the first Ubuntu computer is working fine with the software, and in a careful analysis, we found that that computer is functioning more efficiently than other Windows-based computers. So, it is not the issue with Ubuntu.


So, what would be the actual cause of the issue?


Then I just checked the connection manager of the software, and the error message was something like an unpredictable date with many hexadecimal codes.



So it has something with the system date. We went to the non-functional computer and checked the system date. It was the default system date set when installed Ubuntu. So we just set the system date and time with the current date and time. The result was promising.

It fixed the problem. So here I am presenting steps to change computer date and time in Ubuntu Linux when there are no date and time displays on the system tray.





How to change system date and time in Ubuntu Linux?

  1. Click on Show Applications (at the left-bottom).

  2. Click on the Settings.

  3. Click on Date and Time (from the left side menu).

  4. To manually change the time and date, turn off the Automatic Date and Time.

  5. Now click on the date and time. You can change the Ubuntu Date and time.


Prevent Copying Files to USB Drive From Your Computer

Today, one of my friends called me for urgent help. He works as a System Administrator for a small company and wants to prevent copying files from a working computer to USB drives (pen drives). I told him to turn off the USB port and fix the issue. He replied he could not do it due to company policies.

He wants the computer to read files from the USB drive but no file transfer to it from the computer's hard disk.

So, in a nutshell, he wants to read files from the portable storage drive on his company computers but does not want to copy files from his company computer to the USB drive.

He is confused about whether he can block writing files to the portable memory storage without preventing the PC from reading them.



Can I Prevent Someone From Transfering Documents From a PC to a Pen Drive?

We can stop any USB storage Device from copying content from a computer.


We can activate a write protection on USB by Group Policy Editor or Windows Registry.


If we enable Write Protect on Universal Serial Bus, the computer can read files on portable storage but cannot copy the content to them from the hard disk.



Disable Copying Files From Computer to USB Storage Using Group Policy Editor

On Windows 11 and 10 computers, the easiest method to prevent copying to USB storage without preventing reading is to enable "Removable Disks: Deny Write Access" on Local Group Policy Editor.


We can Prevent USB Storage Devices from Copying Files by activating Deny Write Access From the Group Policy Editor.


If you do not know how to do it, follow the instructions.


  1. Press the [Windows] and [R] keys together to start Run.

  2. Type gpedit.msc on Run and press the Enter key.

  3. Click on Administrative Templates.


    How do I stop files from being copied to my USB?
  4. Double-click on System.

  5. Open Removable Storage Access.


    How Do I Prevent Files In Usb From Being Copied in Windows 11?
  6. Double Click on Removable Disks: Deny Write Access.

  7. Select the radio button Enabled and click Apply and OK.


    Prevent copying of data on USB in Windows 11

    Now onward, your Windows computer will not allow copying files to any storage device connected to its USB ports.



We have learned how to prevent copying files from a PC to a Flash Drive from the Group Policy Editor. We can achieve the same goal from the Windows Registry too.




Prevent copying files to USB drive From Hard Disk (Using Reg Editor)

This step tells how to enable write-protect on the USB port from the Windows Registry and prevent the computer from copying content to portable memory storage from the hard disk. This step doesn't hurt your laptop's reading ability.


Your PC can read files in portable storage without any issues.


Steps to prevent the file transfer from hard disk to portable drive are:


  1. Click on the start and go to the Run (Press the Windows and R buttons together to open the Run window).

  2. Type regedit on run window and click OK. Windows 11 will open the Registry Editor.

  3. Before making any changes to the Registry, I recommend you take a backup of the current Registry on your computer.




  4. Go to the location-

    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\StorageDevicePolicies


  5. Create a DWORD value called ‘WriteProtect‘ and set it to 1.

    Now onwards your PC will be able to just read the files from the external memory drive connected but the drive can no longer copy content from the hard disk (or SSD).

You have successfully activated the write protection on the Windows SSD from the Registry. No USB storage devices can copy content from the computer storage.


To disable write protect on USB drives change the DWORD to 0.


If you wish to remove this feature in the future, you can do it from the Registry.

Disk Boot Failure, Insert System Disk, And Press Enter

Have you ever faced the error message -Disk Boot Failure, Insert System Disk and press enter. It prevents a computer from booting up. My friend's PC had this problem, and I fixed it.

This article explains the troubleshooting steps I did on my friend's Windows computer to fix the Disk Boot Failure.


A corrupted Windows 11 installation can generate this error.


Before jumping into the solution for Disk Boot Failure, Insert System Disk, And Press Enter error, we will check the reasons for this problem.




What Are The Reasons to Get Disk Boot Failure Error?

Let us check the reasons for showing the error Disk Boot Failure or Disk Boot Failure - Insert System Disk while booting a computer.


  1. Faulty BIOS Settings and a wrong boot sequence

  2. Damaged Hard Disk Drive(HDD) on your computer

  3. Loose connections and Motherboard issues

  4. Hardware and Software conflicts

  5. A corrupted OS or Improper Disk partitions

We have covered the reasons that generate the error 'Disk Boot Failure, Insert System Disk, And Press Enter' while booting a computer. Let us check how to resolve it.




How do I fix Disk Boot Failure - Insert System Disk Error?

You can fix a Disk Boot Failure on your Windows computer by following the steps below.


  1. Change the BIOS Boot Order

    A wrong BIOS order sequence is one of the reasons to get the error Disk Boot Failure - Insert System Disk while booting your computer.


    We can change the boot order from the BIOS settings.


    If the USB device or DVD drive has the booting priority over the Hard Disk Drive, change it in BIOS.

    The first step to fix the Disk Boot failure error is to access the BIOS and change the boot order.


    • Restart the computer

    • Press the key provided by your vendor to access BIOS before the appearance of the Windows logo on the screen. The possible keys are [Del] and [F2].

    • Click on Boot and select the boot option to set HDD as the first booting device. Press [F10] to save it before exit(or the key provided in BIOS to save the settings).

    • Reboot and check whether it works without the Disk Book Failure.


    By setting HDD as the first boot device, you can prevent most issues like Disk Boot Failure - Insert System Disk.



  2. Disconnect the USB storage Drive and make sure the DVD Drive is Empty

    If you do not wish to keep the Hard disk as the priority device (boot order), follow this step.

    • Remove the pen drives connected to your computer.

    • Empty the DVD drive.

    • Restart your computer (Press the power or reboot button).


    If your computer boots properly, better change the boot order priority from BIOS.




  3. Disconnect the Hard Disk from the Motherboard and Reconnect

    If the BIOS cannot read the SSD or HDD, you will see a 'Disk boot failure - insert system disk and press Enter' error.


    A loose connection can make your Hard Disk inaccessible.



    • Power off your computer and open the cabinet.

    • You need to disconnect the Hard Disk data cable and power chord from the motherboard and reconnect.

    • Reboot your computer and check for the issues.



  4. Disconnect Peripheral Devices From the Motherboard and Connect Them Back

    • Power off your computer and open the computer case.

    • Disconnect all peripheral devices from the motherboard, including HDD, DVD R/W, RAM, etc.

    • Clean the dust and then reconnect all the devices with the motherboard. Make sure there is no loose connection.

    • Power on the computer and start it to check if you still receive the error Disk Boot Failure.



  5. Reset Current BIOS Settings

    If the error Disk Boot Failure - Insert System Disk persists, reset the BIOS settings. To perform this task, I recommend you visit the link below.



  6. Remove the Newly Added Hardware

    An incompatible hardware device on your computer can cause the error Disk Boot Failure. So, disconnect the recently added hardware and check for the issue.





  7. Corrupted OS or Improper Partitions

    Some readers reported that they saw this error while upgrading to Windows 11 from older versions. A corrupted Windows 11 upgrade will cause the booting error and result in a Disk boot Failure error.

    Another reason for a 'Disk Boot Failure -Insert System Disk' error is improper partition.



  8. A Failed Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or SSD

    If the Hard Disk on your Laptop is not working well, the Operating System will not load into RAM.

    A corrupted SSD Prevents the OS from Loading.


    It will generate the 'Disk Boot Failure, Insert System Disk, and press enter' error.

    Connect your HDD (or SSD) as a slave of another hard disk in a different PC. Check whether the new PC detects it. If not, it is time to purchase a new one.





  9. Motherboard issues and the Disk Boot Failure

    Can a motherboard complaint cause a Disk Boot Failure? The answer is yes. If none of the above steps work, check the motherboard.




Showing Disk Boot Failure on a Linux PC

Yes, even Linux devices will show the DISK BOOT FAILURE, INSERT SYSTEM DISK, AND PRESS ENTER error.

One of our readers asked if this is a Windows-related problem. She was curious if a Linux Device gets the Disk Boot Failure error.

You may get this error message on your Linux PC too. It is the error message shown as part of the POST procedure before loading the Operating System.

If the BIOS (or CMOS) fails to detect the OS, the Disk Boot Failure error will display on Windows and Ubuntu PCs.